As a parent, you know your child better than anyone else. You notice the little things — the way they react to loud noises, how they respond to certain clothing textures, or how they melt down in busy environments. If you’ve ever found yourself wondering;
“Is this just a phase or could there be something more?”
you’re not alone. Many parents face these questions, and one possible explanation worth exploring is whether the issue is one of numerous Sensory Processing Disorders (SPDs).
SPD is not a reflection of poor parenting or something your child will simply "grow out of." It’s a neurological condition that affects how the brain receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information — everything from sound, sight, and touch to movement and body awareness. The good news? SPD is manageable. With the right support, children can thrive.
What Is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?
Sensory Processing Disorder refers to the brain’s difficulty in processing and organising sensory input. For most people, the nervous system efficiently interprets sensory information and responds appropriately. But for children with SPD, the signals can get misinterpreted or become overwhelming. This can result in atypical behaviours that may seem puzzling to caregivers — excessive meltdowns, fear of certain textures, or craving constant movement.
SPD can affect one or multiple senses and occurs along a spectrum. Some children may be hypersensitive (over-responsive), while others may be hyposensitive (under-responsive) or sensory-seeking (actively craving intense sensory input). Each child’s experience is unique, which is why early observation and understanding are essential.
The Main Types of SPD and How They Present
Sensory Processing Disorder typically falls into three main subtypes:
1. Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)
This is the most common type and involves difficulty regulating responses to sensory input. Within this category are three sub-patterns:
Sensory Over-Responsivity (Hypersensitivity):
These children may react strongly or negatively to sensory input. Examples include:
- Covering ears at loud or even moderate sounds.
- Avoiding messy play (finger paints, sand).
- Refusing certain fabrics or tags in clothing (Baby Todd & Co. can help here!).
- Becoming distressed during grooming activities (brushing teeth or hair).
Sensory Under-Responsivity (Hyposensitivity):
These children may appear passive, withdrawn, or unaware of sensory stimuli. You may notice:
- Not reacting to bumps or bruises.
- Failing to notice when hands are dirty or clothes are twisted.
- Appearing unmotivated or lethargic.
Sensory Seeking/Craving:
These children actively seek intense sensory experiences to feel regulated. Behaviours might include:
- Constantly touching objects or people.
- Bouncing, spinning, or climbing excessively.
- Making loud noises or watching bright, flashing lights.
2. Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD)
This type affects postural stability and motor coordination. Children may struggle with:
- Poor balance or coordination.
- Difficulty with fine motor tasks (e.g., using cutlery, writing).
- Seeming “clumsy” or accident-prone.
3. Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD)
Here, the brain struggles to interpret differences in sensory input. This can lead to:
- Trouble distinguishing similar sounds or textures.
- Difficulty judging distance or force of movement.
- Challenges in identifying which part of the body is affected (e.g., pinpointing pain).
What Signs Should Parents Look For?
While every child can occasionally dislike loud sounds or rough textures, a pattern of intense, disruptive, or prolonged responses may warrant further attention. Here are some signs that may suggest SPD:
- Meltdowns in response to routine stimuli (bathing, transitions, busy places).
- Avoidance of textures in foods or clothing.
- Constant motion — difficulty sitting still or relaxing.
- Trouble with sleep due to sensitivity to light, sound, or temperature.
- Difficulty engaging in play with peers due to overstimulation or withdrawal.
- Extreme distress with changes in routine or environment.
Remember, SPD symptoms often overlap with other developmental conditions such as ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder. A formal evaluation is important for an accurate understanding.
What Should Parents Do Next?
If you suspect your child is struggling with sensory processing, early intervention can make a significant difference. Here’s a step-by-step path many parents find helpful:
1. Document Behaviours
Start by recording your observations:
- What situations trigger strong responses?
- Are there particular environments or times of day that are problematic?
- Are the behaviours consistent, or do they fluctuate?
These notes will be valuable for professionals and can offer you clarity in understanding your child’s patterns.
2. Speak to a Pediatrician
Your first point of contact should be your child’s doctor. Share your concerns and observations - remember, you're not alone - more children than ever experience some form of sensory processing difficulty.
While SPD is not yet listed as a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5 (the diagnostic manual used by clinicians), knowledgeable pediatricians can guide you toward appropriate evaluations.
3. Get an Occupational Therapy (OT) Evaluation
Occupational Therapists are typically the primary professionals who assess and treat SPD. A pediatric OT trained in sensory integration will use structured assessments and play-based observation to evaluate your child’s sensory profile. They may use tools like the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) or the Sensory Profile Questionnaire.
Therapeutic Path and Strategies
If your child is diagnosed with SPD, therapy is often tailored and play-based to help them learn how to process sensory input in more adaptive ways. Here’s what you can expect:
Occupational Therapy with Sensory Integration
This form of therapy focuses on:
- Gradual exposure to sensory experiences in a safe, controlled environment.
- Activities that help the child build tolerance and improve self-regulation.
- Strengthening fine and gross motor skills as needed.
Sessions are often fun and engaging, involving swings, obstacle courses, tactile play, or calming tools — all geared toward helping the brain form more efficient sensory pathways.
Home-Based Strategies
In addition to professional therapy, parents can support sensory regulation at home by:
- Creating sensory-safe zones: A quiet tent, weighted blanket, soft lighting, or noise-cancelling headphones.
- Using sensory tools: Fidget toys, chewy necklaces, or textured surfaces.
- Establishing predictable routines: Consistency helps many children with SPD feel secure.
- Monitoring diet and hydration: Blood sugar dips or dehydration can worsen sensory issues.
- Building a sensory-sensitive wardrobe: Ensuring clothing worn against the skin is soft (bamboo is best), completely tagless and stitched with silk thread to minimise irritation and distraction. Clothing designed for children's sensory processing disorders in mind are ideal.
Building Emotional Safety and Confidence
SPD can be as emotionally taxing as it is physical. Children often feel “different” or misunderstood. Empathy is crucial. Let your child know:
- They’re not “bad” or “wrong” — their brain simply processes the world in a unique way.
- You believe in their strengths, and together you’ll find what helps them feel safe and strong.
- It’s okay to need breaks, to ask for help, and to have preferences.
Encouraging open communication and practicing co-regulation (calming together through breathing, movement, or storytelling) helps build resilience and trust.
You're not alone!
Raising a child with Sensory Processing Disorder may feel overwhelming at times, but you are not alone. With informed support, collaborative care, and a compassionate approach, your child can navigate their sensory world with more ease — and even joy. SPD does not define your child; it simply gives you new insight into how to support them more meaningfully.
If your instincts are telling you something is off, listen to them. Seek answers, ask questions, and remember that taking action now can pave the way for a more regulated, confident, and thriving future for your little one.